Apparatus for mechanically drawing outlines of the human figure.



No. 668,228. Patented Feb. I9, 190i" 0. H. SMITH.- APPARATUS FORMECHANICAL-LY- DRAWING OUILINES OF THE HUMAN FIGURE. (Application filedOct. 10, 1899) (lo llodol.) 6 Shaetr-Shaet I.

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.c. H. smm. APPARATUS FOR MEGHANICALLY DRAWING UUTLINES OF THE HUMANFIGURE.

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No. 668,228. A Patented Feb. I9, 1901..

c. B. SMITH. APPARATUS FOR IECHANICALLY DRAWING OUTLINES OF THE HUMANFIGURE.

(Application filed Oct. 10, 1899. (No Model.) 6 Shasta-Shoot 3.

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' No. 668,228. Patmited Feb. |9,,|9o|.'

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V APPARATUS FORIECHANICALLY DRAWING OUTLINES OF THE HUMAN FIGURE. (Alimion filed Oct. 10 1899.) .(No Model.)

s sheets-Shea 4- 'No. 668,228. Y Patented Feb. I9, 190; c. H. smm.

APPARATUS FOR HECI'IANICALLY DRAWING OUTLINES OF THE HUMAN FIGURE.

(Application filed Oct. 10, 1899.) (No Modal.)

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l' W n Mn. N A i 0.668328. Patented Feb.'|9, |9o|.. c. H. smnu.

APPARATUS FOR MEGHANICAIQLY DRAWING OUT-LINES OF THE HUMAN FIGURE.

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CHARLES HAZOR SMITH, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

APPARATUS FOR MECHANICALLY DRAWING OUTLINES OF THE HUMAN FIGURE.

SPECIFIGATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 668,228, dated February19, 1901.

Application filed October 10, 1899. Serial No. 738,182. (No model.)

To (ZZZ whom, it may concern.-

Be it known that I, CHARLES HAZOR SMITH, a citizen of the United Statesof America, residing at 1323 Liil avenue, Chicago, in the county of Cookand State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvementsin Apparatus for Drawing Mechanically and Preferably on a Reduced Scalethe Outlines of the Human Figure, of which the following is aspecification.

My invention relates to certain apparatus for drawing mechanically andpreferably on a reduced scale the outlines of the human figure.

The object of the invention is to enable said outlines to be transferredand preferably re duced mechanically and directly from the figure itselfand to arrange the same in such relation to a given line or lines as toindicate the pose of the figure from which they are taken.

To such end the invention consists in a certain new and improvedapparatus provided with means for automatically bringing the verticalline through the center of gravity of the object placed upon theapparatus into a fixed vertical plane in the apparatus.

The invention also consists in a certain traveler adapted to pass overthe surface of the body, certain reducing-gearing combined therewith,andcertain markingdevices geared to the traveler to move proportionatelytherewith and in that manner to follow all of the movements of thetraveler.

It also consists in certain devices for supporting and adjusting asuitable surface to receive the outlines of the figure.

It also consists in certain adjustable rests adapted to support andsteady the body when once broughtinto position.

It further consists in other novel features of form, arrangement, andconstruction, all of which will fully appear from the description hereinand the essential features of which will be pointed out in the claims.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a front elevation of the apparatus in itspreferred form. Fig. 2 is a detail cross-section of a pawland-ratchetmechanism used in retarding the movement of the platform to the centerof gravity, the line of section being indicated at 2 2 in Fig. 1. Fig. 3is a plan view. Fig. 4

is a detail horizontal section in line 4 4: of Fig.

, of Fig. 20.

2. Fig. 5 is a vertical cross-section in line 5 5 of Fig. 3 looking inthe direction of the arrow 5. Fig. 6 is a detail side elevation of aportion of the platform, showing a portion of one of itssupporting-rods. Fig. 7is a detail side elevation of one of the clampsfor supporting certain of the rests which retain the person in placeupon the platform. Fig. 8 is a plan view of the same with the supportingrod in horizontal section, the line of section being indicated in line 88 of Fig. 7. Fig. 9 isa detail horizontal section in line 9 9 of Fig. 7.Fig. 10 is a detail vertical section in line 10 10 of Fig. 8. Fig. 11 isa detail vertical crosssection in line ll 11 of Fig. 10. Fig. 12 is aside elevation of a portion of one of the restclamps. Fig. 13 is a planview of certain reducing-gearing used in the machine, with itssupporting-frame in horizontal section, the line of section beingindicated in line l3 13 in Figs. l4 and 17. Fig. la is a verticallongitudinal section in line l4 14 of Figs. 13 and 17. Fig. 15 is adetail cross-section in line l5 15 of Fig. 13. Fig. 16 is a detailhorizontal section in line 16 16 of Fig. 15. Fig. 17 is an end view ofthe parts shown in Figs. 13 and 14. looking in the direction of thearrow l7 of said figures, with certain parts broken away to illustrateother important portions. Fig. 18 is a vertical cross-section in line l818 of Fig. 14. Fig. 19 is a vertical section in line 19 19 of Fig. 18.Fig. 20 is a detail front elevat-ion of the upper portion of thechart-holder. Fig. 21 is a vertical cross-section in line 21 21 Fig. 22is a vertical cross-section in line 22 22 of Fig. 14:. Fig. 23 isadetail plan view of the pencilholder, with a certain nut in horizontalsection. Fig. 24. is an end view looking in the direction of the arrow24 in Fig. 1b. Fig. 25 is a detail cross-section of an adjusting-nut inline 25 25 of Fig. 24. Fig. 26 is a detail plan view of the traveler.Fig. 27 is a front elevation thereof looking in the direction of thearrow 27 in Fig. 26. Fig. 28 is a plan view of a portion of one of therests and its supporting-rods. Fig. 29 is a front elevation thereoflooking in the direction of the arrow 29 in Fig. 28. Fig. 30 is avertical crosssection in line 30 30 of Fig. 28, and Fig. 31 is a rearelevation looking in the direction of the arrow 31 in Fig. 28.

Referring to the drawings, A is a framework made up of a rectangularbase consisting of longitudinal side pieces a a and end pieces a aSupported upon this base are two standards a a provided with diagonalbraces a and connected together by three horizontal cross-pieces, one atthe bottom a", one at the top & and an intermediate crosspiece a,extending beyond the upright upon one side in the form ofalaterally-extending arm B, supported from the base by means of adiagonal strut b and oblique tie-rods 1) b From the middle of thecross-piece a is supported an eye 0, in which is pivoted the upper endsof two downwardly-diverging rods 0 c suspending a platform 0, restingupon two rearwardly-converging bars 0 c united at their rear ends andvertically pivoted to the base at 0 The platform swings from the eye aand automatically brings the center of gravity of any object restingupon it into the vertical plane passing through the eye and the verticalpivot at the rear end of the platformbars 0 0 The front edge of theplatform is provided with two series of ratchet-teeth c 0 facing inopposite directions, (see Fig. 4,) and escapement-pawls c c are pivotedto the base at 0 0 and operated by means of verticallyoscillatinghandles 0 c projecting from the forward end of the base. The purpose ofthese escapements is to prevent the too-rapid swinging of the platform,which would be I likely to upset the person standing upon the pen to befacing in the right direction, and

oscillation of the platform is possible only in a step-by-step manner,as in the ordinary escapement devices. The rocking of theescapement-pawl is effected by one of the forwardly-projecting handles 0o both of which are horizontally pivoted to the frame and haveupwardly-extending arms, as shown in Fig. 2, pivoted at their upper endsto the respective pawls. The front cross-piece 61/ of the base is markedat 00 to show where the vertical plane of the center of gravity thuspositioned cuts the cross-piece. The purpose of this mark will appearlater. In the upper two cross-pieces of the frame are secured verticalbars a a a a of which a 0t extend upward above the cross-piece a and arethemselves united at the top by means of a crossbar Ct Upon thesevertical bars are secured a series of clamps D, carrying horizontal rodsd d, united at their forward ends by means of an adjustable bearingplate or rest d (1 which is preferably secured to the ends of the rodsby means of set-screws d and thumbnuts 01". (See Figs. 28 to 31,inclusive.) The two rods, which are secured to each of the rests,diverge as they extend therefrom sufficiently to give the resthorizontal rigidity c and bolt e in any direction, and thesupporting-rods are adjustable both longitudinally and pivotally in theclamps, so as to give to the rest universal horizontal adjustment. Therests d are both side and back rests and are horizontally pivoted to thesupporting-rods. The rest d is a back-rest only and is separatelypivoted to the two rods which support it. The construction of the clampsby means of which the supportingrods are secured to the frame is shownin Figs. 7 to 12, inclusive. Two angle-plates d d are hinged together atd and provided upon the opposite side with a latch d Projecting from theangles of the plates are ears d (i in which are secured bolts (1,provided with perforated heads cl surrounding collars d notched tocorrespond with the perforations, and clamping-nuts d to draw the headsinto the collars and clamp the supporting-rods in the perforations.

The laterally-projecting arm B is slotted at g b b, and a curvedextension B, secured thereto by means of bolts 19 b passing through theslots, making the extension longitudinally adjustable upon the arm. Uponthe end of the curved extension is secured a base-plate E, (see Figs.17, 18, and 19,) upon which is secured a longitudinally-adjustablesupporting-plate E, secured by means of bolts e e passing through a slot6 in the base-plate and provided with wing-nuts e e. Thesupporting-plate has a vertical end plate E provided with two verticalslots 6 e and with two laterallyprojecting and forwardly-extending ears6" e in which are threaded set-screws e c". The lower end of thevertical plate is also provided with a forwardly-projectingear e, inwhich is threaded an adjusting-screw e A vertically-adjustableoscillating plate E is secured to the end plate by means of a screw ethreaded in the upper portion of the oscillating plate and extendingthrough the slot e in the end plate. This screw acts as a pivot uponwhich the oscillating plate may swing and is capable of verticaladjustment in the slot 6 The oscillating plate contains an areshapedslot e, (see also Fig. 14,) and a bolt e extends through this slot andthe slot 6 of the end plate and is provided beyond the latter with a nutE. This bolt may move vertically in the slotin the end plate andlaterally in the arc-shaped slot in the oscillating plate, so that itpermits both the vertical adjustment of the plate and the pivotal oroscillating adjustment of the same upon the screw 6. The set-screws e eat the side clamp the oscillating plate in its pivotal adjustment andthe set-screw e supports it in its vertical adjustment. These screwsalso provide means of making a close and accurate adjustment, as theoscillating plate may be moved in the various directions by turning thescrews. When the adjustment has been finally completed, the oscillatingplate may be securely clamped in position by drawing up the screw Saidoscillating plate is provided with two horizontally-projecting bearingse e", in which is journaled the downwardly-projecting pin or spindlefofa rectangular frame F, upon which is supported a back plate or rest G toreceive the paper or cardboard upon which the tracing is to be made andin which is pivoted a vertically'oscillating box H, containing certainreducinggear and guiding the arms which carry the tracing-pencil and thetraveler by means of which the outlines of the figure are followed. Theback plate or chart-rest G is provided with horizontally-projecting armsor plates g g, (see Figs. 13, 14c, 17, 20, and 21,) which are pivoted,respectively, to the top and bottom of the rectangular frame by means ofscrews f f and which have tongues g g for which socketsf f are providedupon the rectangular frame. The ends of the tongues are perforated, andvertically-sliding latchesf f are guided in the rectangular frame toenter the perforations in the tongues and lock the latterin place.Springsf f tend to hold the latches in their locked position. ThechartrestGis provided at the top and bottom with cross-bars g 9*,bearing end plates 9 pivoted to the rest by means of screws y so as toswing toward or away from the back plate of the rest. Stationaryundercut bars 9 are provided upon the plate beyond the swinging bars,beneath and between which the recordcard is slipped. The swinging barsare then brought down upon the card and clamped tightly against thelatter by means of swinging hooks g pivoted to the back plate at 9 Uponthe back of the plate is supported a spirit-level g, by means of whichthe plate may be leveled up and in that mannerbrought into a posit-ionparallel with the vertical line passing through the center of gravity ofthe figure.

The box H is pivoted in the frame F by means of opposite pivot-screws hh, adjustable toward or from each other by means of a threadedconnection with the frame and secured in place by jamnuts 7L h Thepivot-screws do not bear upon the box itself, but upon a framework Hwithin the box and secured thereto, which supports an ordinarilyvertical axle I, carrying a horizontal gear I, and just above the same ahorizontal pinion I In the ends of the box will be seen rectangularopenings, within and above and below which at both ends areantifrictionrollers .T, journaled in brackets J, supported from theframe. Between these rollers are guided two longitudinally-moving bars KL, bearing racks It Z, engaging, respectively, with the gear I and thepinion 1 This gearing gives to the two bars a fixed difiereutial Imovement, depending upontherelative sizes of the gear and the pinion.

Upon the outer end of the rod L is a pencilholder M, (see Figs. 15, 16,23, 24, and 25,) consisting of a barrel or tube 'm, secured to the bar,a longitudinally-moving pencilclamp m within the same, and devices foryieldingly pressing the pencil toward the point and for drawing it inthe opposite di rection. The barrel 'm is slotted at m to receive a pinor screw m projecting from the pencil-clamp sufficiently to engage aspring m within the bar. The pencil-clamp m is slit at the point and theslit portion bent inward to hold the pencil in the usual manner. Theopposite end of the clamp bears a lug m and a collar m journaledupon-the barrel, is provided with an inner cam-surface m to bear uponthe lug to withdraw the pencil from the pointed end. The collar ispreferably made large enough to furnish a convenient grip and knurledupon its periphery to enable it to be readily turned by the hand. In thepencil-holder is supported a pencil N, the point of which is intended totrace upon a reduced scale the path of the traveler upon the end of therod K. The horizontal reduction is accomplished by the differentialgearing above described and the vertical reduction by the difference inlength between the two bars K L.

The arm K has its end opposite the box H ofiset to enable the middle ofanarc-shaped traveler 0 (see Figs. 26 and 27) to be placed in line withthe pencil N. The end of the arm K carries a horizontal post 0 at rightangles to the arm, bearing at its base a gear 0, and carrying beyond thesame a pivoted frame 0 in which is jourualed a rod 0 extending beyondthe frame in the form of an are drawn from the vertical pivotf of theframe F. A series of rollers 0 are journaled upon this arc-shapedextension to travel upon the person. The rod also carries a gear 0corresponding in size to the gear 0 and in mesh with the latter, theobject of which is i to rotate the traveler once about the rod 0whenever it is rotated about the post 0. The rollers 0 are made of suchdiameter as to bring their peripheries into the line of the post 0, andthe operation of the gearing is to present the convex side of thetraveler to the person in the line of the post when the frame is swungparallel with the rod K and toward the chart and to present the concaveside of the traveler in the same line when the frame is swung onehundred and eighty degrees therefrom. This is clearly shown in Fig. 26.A handle 0 is provided upon the frame by means of which the traveler maybe conven iently supported.

In the use of the apparatus the person to the chart rest or holder hasbeen previously leveled up, the traveleris next brought to the mark m onthe frame and the chart slipped laterally until the center line of thechart is beneath the pencil-point. The traveler is then passed over theparts of the figure which it is desirable to lay out upon the chart, andin so doing the pencil traces an accurate reduced outline of the path ofthe traveler. When the operation is completed, with the person to bemeasured in one position, said person is preferably turned at rightangles to the first position, the ratchet devices again operated untilthe platform swings at equilibriu m, and the supporting devices again adjusted. The traveler is then brought back to the mark X on the frame, anew chart slipped into the holder until the center line reaches thepencil-point, and the traveler is again passed over the parts of thefigure presented to itin the new position. This causes the pencil totrace a reduced outline of the person at right angles to that obtainedby the first operation.

The apparatus involves a large number of details of construction, all ofwhich have been described in their preferred form, but in the ca'se'ofmany of which-the said exact form is immaterial and capable of greatvariation without departing from the invention. Likewise-the arrangementand the various combinations of the parts are in certain instancesimmaterial to the invention, broadly considered. I

I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent 1. In an apparatusof the class described,

the combination with devices for automatically bringing the center ofgravity of an object into a fixed plane, of a traveler adapted to passover the surface ofthe object, a chartsupporting device arranged in agiven position relative to said plane, a marking device adapted totravel over the surface of said supporting device and connecting devicesbetween the traveler and the marking device adapted to cause the markingdevice to record the movements of the traveler to a given 4 scale;substantially as described.

2. In an apparatus of the class described, the combination with asuitable framework, traveler and recording device provided with suitableconnecting devices, of a positioning device, consisting of a platformswung from two points, one of which is sufficiently above the platformto cause the latter to bring the center of gravity of the person intothe vertical plane of said point, whereby the perpendicular line throughthe center of gravity of the person may be brought into a predeterminedrelation to the recording device; substantially as described.

3. In an apparatus of the class described, the combination with aplatform swung within the same, of an escapement device engaging theplatform and adapted by its operation to permit a step-by-step movementof the platform toward equilibrium substantially as described.

4:. In an apparatus of the class described, the combination with asuitable frame, of a swinging platform hung therein, a series ofadjustable rests, and devices whereby they may be brought into contactwith the figure after the same has been brought into position by theplatform; substantially as described.

5. The combination with a suitable supporting-frame, of an adjustablerest supported by two diverging rods pivoted to the rest, and clamps forsaid rods carried by the frame, the rods being pivotally secured andlongitudinally adjustable in the clamps; substantially as described.

6. In an apparatus of the class described, the combination with avertically-pivoted recording device, of an arm extending therefrom and atraveler supported upon the end -of the arm in the form-of the arc of acircle drawn from the pivot; substantially as described.

7. In a device of the class described, the combination with avertically-pivoted recording device of an arm extending therefrom and atraveler upon the end of the arm formed in the arc of a circle about thepivot, said traveler being provided with devices for moving itlongitudinally of the arm, to the extent of its own width withoutreversing its curvature relative to the pivot; substantially asdescribed.

8. In a device of the class described, the combination with a suitablechart-holder, of a verticallypivoted frame carrying the same, ahorizontally-pivoted support in the frame, a pair oflongitudinally-movable parallel arms guided in said support, gearingconnected to two to give them a differential movement, a marking deviceupon the end of one and a traveler upon the endof the other;substantially as described.

9. In a device of the class described, the combination with suitablepositioning devices for the figure, of a vertically-pivoted recordingdevice and universal adjusting devices for bringing the pivotof saidrecording device into the desired relation to the frame; substantiallyas described.

10. The combination with a pivoted frame, bearing a chart-holder, of asupport pivoted thereto at right angles to the pivot of the frame, apair of arms longitudinally guided in the support, gearing connectingthe arms to give them a differential movement, a pencil upon one armadapted to pass over the surface of the chart-holder and a traveler uponthe other arm adapted to pass over the surface of a given figure;substantially as described. V p

11. In a device of the class described, the combination with avertically-pivoted frame, of a chart-holder vertically hinged theretoand provided with a suitable latch for securing it in position, ahorizontally-pivoted sup- In Witness whereof I have hereunto set my I0port in the frame, a pair of diiferentiallyhand at Chicago, in thecounty of Cook and moving and 1ongituclina1ly-guided arms ear- State ofIllinois, this 5th day of October, A. D. tied in said support parallelto the chart- 1899.

5 holder pencil-carrying devices upon one of said arms in front of thechart-holder and a CHARLES HAZOR SMITH" traveler upon the other adaptedto pass over Witnesses: the surface of a given object; substantiallyCHAS. O. SHERVEY, as described. S. BLISS.

